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# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins, commonly known as sanitary pads, are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring comfort, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary napkins.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

The primary components of sanitary napkins include the top sheet, absorbent core, back sheet, and adhesive. Each of these components plays a vital role in the overall functionality of the product.

### 1. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated film. The material must be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to ensure comfort and prevent irritation.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical part of the sanitary napkin, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is usually composed of a blend of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Fluff pulp provides bulk and softness, while SAP enhances absorbency by turning liquid into gel.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer that prevents leakage. It is generally made from polyethylene film or a breathable microporous film. This layer must be impermeable to liquids while allowing air to circulate, reducing the risk of skin irritation.

### 4. Adhesive

Adhesive is used to secure the sanitary napkin to the underwear. It is typically a pressure-sensitive adhesive that provides a strong yet gentle hold, ensuring the pad stays in place without causing discomfort.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary napkins must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and user comfort.

### 1. Softness and Comfort

The top sheet and absorbent core must be soft to prevent skin irritation. Non-woven fabrics and fluff pulp are chosen for their gentle texture and ability to conform to the body’s contours.

### 2. Absorbency

High absorbency is crucial for the absorbent core. Superabsorbent polymers are incorporated to enhance the core’s ability to retain large amounts of liquid, preventing leaks and ensuring dryness.

### 3. Breathability

Breathability is essential to prevent moisture buildup and reduce the risk of skin irritation. The back sheet and top sheet are designed to allow air circulation while maintaining a barrier against leaks.

### 4. Leakage Protection

The back sheet must be impermeable to liquids to prevent leakage. Polyethylene films and microporous films are used for their excellent barrier properties and durability.

### 5. Adhesive Strength

The adhesive must provide a secure hold without causing discomfort or leaving residue on clothing. Pressure-sensitive adhesives are preferred for their balance of strength and gentleness.

## Conclusion

The composition and properties of raw materials used in sanitary napkins are carefully selected to ensure comfort, safety, and effectiveness. From the soft top sheet to the highly absorbent core and leak-proof back sheet, each component plays a crucial role in providing a reliable and comfortable menstrual hygiene solution. Understanding these materials helps in making informed choices and appreciating the technology behind everyday hygiene products.