# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Composition

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and combination of their raw materials. Understanding the components of sanitary pads helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Soft, breathable materials

Functions:
– Provides comfort against the skin
– Allows quick liquid penetration
– Prevents wetness feeling
– Reduces skin irritation

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial part of the pad, responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Cotton fibers
– Rayon

Functions:
– Quickly absorbs menstrual flow
– Locks in moisture to prevent leakage
– Distributes fluid evenly throughout the pad
– Maintains dryness on the surface

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet forms the bottom layer of the pad and is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Non-woven materials

Functions:
– Prevents leakage to clothing
– Allows some breathability
– Provides structural integrity
– Often includes adhesive strips for secure placement

### 4. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives serve different purposes:

– Body adhesive: Keeps the pad in place on underwear
– Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use
– Wing adhesives: Secures wings around underwear

Functions:
– Ensures proper positioning
– Prevents shifting during movement
– Maintains hygiene by keeping the pad securely in place

## Additional Features and Materials

### 1. Fragrance Components

Some pads include:

– Natural essential oils
– Synthetic fragrances
– Odor-neutralizing compounds

Functions:
– Masks menstrual odor
– Provides a fresh feeling
– May cause irritation for sensitive skin

### 2. Wing Materials

Wing components typically use:

– Non-woven fabrics
– Plastic films with adhesives

Functions:
– Provides extra protection against leakage
– Secures the pad in place
– Prevents side leakage

### 3. Release Paper

Usually made from:

– Silicon-coated paper
– Plastic films

Functions:
– Protects adhesives before use
– Easy to remove when needed
– Maintains adhesive effectiveness

## Material Considerations for Different Pad Types

### 1. Regular Pads

– Moderate absorbency core
– Standard thickness
– Basic top and back sheets

### 2. Ultra-Thin Pads

– Higher concentration of SAP
– Thinner but equally absorbent
– Advanced breathable materials

### 3. Overnight Pads

– Extra-long design
– Higher absorbency materials
– Reinforced leak protection

### 4. Organic/Natural Pads

– Organic cotton top sheet
– Chlorine-free pulp
– Biodegradable materials
– No synthetic fragrances

## Environmental Considerations

Modern sanitary pad materials raise environmental concerns:

– Non-biodegradable plastics in back sheets
– Synthetic polymers in absorbent cores
– Chemical additives in fragrances

Eco-friendly alternatives are emerging:

– Biodegradable plant-based materials
– Compostable components
– Reusable cloth pads
– Menstrual cups as alternatives

## Conclusion

Understanding sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers select products that match their needs for comfort, protection, and environmental impact. Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that improve performance while addressing sustainability concerns. The combination of these carefully selected components works together to provide effective menstrual protection while

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