# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### Top Layer (Cover Stock)

The top layer is the part that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric: A soft, breathable material that allows quick liquid penetration
– Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry surface feel
– Cotton cover: For premium products offering superior softness

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-dry capability, and hypoallergenic qualities

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most crucial part of a sanitary pad, responsible for liquid retention. It consists of:

– Fluff pulp: Wood pulp fibers that provide bulk absorption
– Superabsorbent polymer (SAP): Sodium polyacrylate crystals that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
– Tissue paper: Helps distribute the liquid evenly

Absorption capacity typically ranges from 10 to 50 times the pad’s weight, depending on quality

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film: Waterproof and flexible
– Breathable microporous film: Allows vapor transmission while blocking liquid
– Non-woven fabric with PE coating: Combines softness with protection

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Layer

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive: Keeps the pad in place on underwear
– Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use

### Wings (for winged pads)

– Non-woven fabric with adhesive: Provides extra security and prevents side leakage

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorption Performance

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines:

– Absorption speed
– Retention capacity
– Rewet properties (how dry the surface remains after absorption)

### Comfort Factors

– Breathability: Prevents heat and moisture buildup
– Flexibility: Allows natural movement
– Thinness: Modern ultra-thin pads can be as thin as 1-2mm

### Safety Standards

All materials must meet:

– Dermatological safety requirements
– Non-toxic certifications
– pH balance considerations

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Chlorine-free bleaching processes
– Reduced plastic content

## Future Material Trends

Emerging innovations include:

– Bamboo fiber topsheets
– Aloe vera-infused layers
– Antibacterial treatments
– Smart materials that indicate saturation

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop better products that combine effectiveness, comfort, and safety.

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