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Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Introduction

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by women worldwide. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their production. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials is crucial for manufacturers and consumers alike.

Core Components of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

  • Non-woven polypropylene (soft and breathable)

  • Perforated plastic film (for quick absorption)

  • Some premium products use organic cotton for better skin compatibility

2. Absorbent Core

This is the most important functional layer, usually composed of:

  • Fluff pulp (wood cellulose) – primary absorbent material

  • Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) – polyacrylate compounds that can absorb many times their weight in liquid

  • Some products may include bamboo fiber for natural absorption

3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leakage is typically made from:

  • Polyethylene film (most common)

  • Breathable microporous films in premium products

  • Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

4. Adhesive Components

These include:

  • Pressure-sensitive adhesive for pad attachment to underwear

  • Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding

Key Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

Absorbency

The materials must have excellent liquid absorption and retention capabilities. SAP can absorb 30-60 times its weight in liquid, while fluff pulp provides quick absorption.

Breathability

Modern pads emphasize breathability to reduce skin irritation. Microporous back sheets and non-woven top sheets allow air circulation.

Softness

Skin contact materials must be soft and non-irritating. Premium products often use textured surfaces for better comfort.

Hypoallergenic Properties

Materials should be dermatologically tested to minimize allergic reactions, especially important for sensitive skin.

Environmental Considerations

Increasing demand for biodegradable materials has led to development of:

  • Organic cotton top sheets

  • Plant-based SAP alternatives

  • Compostable back sheets

Conclusion

The composition of sanitary pad raw materials directly affects product performance, comfort, and safety. Ongoing research continues to improve material properties, with increasing focus on sustainability and skin health. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop better products.

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