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Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. These materials not only determine the effectiveness of the product but also impact comfort, safety, and environmental sustainability.

Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

The modern sanitary napkin is a sophisticated product composed of several layers, each serving a specific function. Let’s examine the key components:

1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

  • Non-woven polypropylene (most common)

  • Perforated plastic film

  • Cotton-like materials for premium products

This layer needs to be soft, non-irritating, and allow quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry.

2. Acquisition Layer

Beneath the top sheet lies the acquisition layer which:

  • Distributes fluid evenly across the pad

  • Prevents fluid from pooling in one area

  • Typically made from cellulose or synthetic fibers

3. Absorbent Core

The heart of the sanitary napkin is its absorbent core, usually composed of:

  • Fluff pulp (bleached wood pulp)

  • Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)

  • Sometimes cotton or other natural fibers

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.

4. Back Sheet

The back sheet serves as a barrier to prevent leakage and is typically made from:

  • Polyethylene film

  • Breathable microporous films in premium products

  • Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

5. Adhesive Components

Several adhesive elements are crucial:

  • Body adhesive to keep the pad in place

  • Wrapper adhesive to seal the product

  • Release paper to protect the adhesive

Specialty Materials and Additives

Beyond the basic components, manufacturers may include additional materials for enhanced performance:

1. Odor Control Agents

These may include:

  • Activated charcoal

  • Baking soda

  • Special polymers that neutralize odor molecules

2. Wetness Indicators

Some premium products feature:

  • Color-changing strips

  • Special inks that react to moisture

3. Fragrance Additives

While controversial due to potential irritation, some pads include:

  • Microencapsulated fragrances

  • Natural essential oils

Material Considerations and Innovations

The sanitary napkin industry continues to evolve with new material technologies:

1. Biodegradable Options

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